Introducing
NLP

Intro to NLP
NLP Definition

NLP Books
NLP Tapes
Book of Month
NLP Trainers
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NLP Book Reviews

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NLP was developed in the mid-70s by John Grinder, a Professor at UC Santa Cruz and Richard Bandler, a graduate student. NLP, as most people use the term today, is a set of models of how communication impacts and is impacted by subjective experience. It's more a collection of tools than any overarching theory.

Much of early NLP was based on the work of Virginia Satir, a family therapist; Fritz Perls, founder of Gestalt therapy; Gregory Bateson, anthropologist; and Milton Erickson, hypnotist.

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Footnotes

Cheesman, J. and Merikle, P.M., (1986). Distinguishing conscious from unconscious perceptual processes. Canadian Journal of Psychology, 40 : 343-367.

Danzig, F. (1962). Subliminal advertising - Today it's just historic flashback for researcher Vicary. Advertising Age, September 17.

Weir, W., (1984). Another look at subliminal "facts." Advertising Age, October 15, p. 46.

"Phone now," said CBC subliminally, but nobody did. (1958). Advertising Age, February 10, p. 8.

Pratkanis, A.R., and A.G. Greenwald, (1988). Recent perspectives on unconscious processing : still no marketing applications. Psychology & Marketing, 5: 339-355.

McConnell, J.V., R.L. Cutler, and E.B. McNeil. (1958). Subliminal stimulation : An overview. American Psychologist, 13: 229-244.

Goldiamond, I. (1958). Indicators of perception : I. Subliminal perception, subception, unconscious perception : An analysis in terms of psychophysical indicator methodology. Psychological Bulletin, 55: 373-411.

McConnell, J.V., (1966). Persuasion and behavioral change. In The Art of Persuasion in Litigation Handbook. West Palm Beach, Fla.: American Trial Lawyers Association.

McConnell, J.V. (1989a). Understanding Human Behavior, 6th ed. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

McConnell, J.V., (1989b), Reinvention of subliminal persuasion, Skeptical Inquirer, Summer 1989, Vol. 13, p. 428.

Greenwald, A.G., E.R. Spangenberg, A.R. Pratkanis, and J. Eskenazi, (1991). Double-blind tests of subliminal self-help audio-tapes. Psychological Science, 2:119-122.

Russell, T.G., W. Rowe, and A.D. Smouse, (1991). Subliminal self-help tapes and academic achievement : An evaluation. Journal of Counseling and Development, 69: 359-362.

Eich, E. and R. Hyman. (1991). "Subliminal Self-help." In In the Mind's Eye : Enchancing Human Performance, ed. by D. Druckman and R.A. Bjork, 107-119. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

McConnell, J.V., R.I. Cutler, and E.B. McNeil, 1958. Subliminal stimulation : An overview. American Psychologist, 13: 229-242.

Moore, T. E., (1982). Subliminal Advertising : What you see is what you get. Journal of Marketing, 46: 38-47.

Moore, T.E., (1988). The case against subliminal manipulation. Psychology & Marketing, 5:297-316.

Pratkanis, A.R., J. Eskenazi, and A.G. Greenwald, (1990). "What You Expect Is What You Believe (But Not Neccessarily What You Get): On the Effectiveness of Subliminal Self-help Audiotapes." Paper presented at the meeting of the Western Psychological Association, Los Angeles, Calif., April.

Eagle, M. (1959). The effects of subliminal stimuli of aggressive content upon conscious cognition. Journal of Personality, 27, 578-600.

Kolers, P.A., (1957). Subliminal stimulation in problem solving. American Journal of Psychology, 70: 437-441.

Smith, G.J., Spence, D.P., and Klein, G.S., (1959). Subliminal effects of verbal stimuli. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 59: 167-177.

Guthrie, G. and Wiener, M. (1966). Subliminal perception or the perception of partial cues with pictorial stimuli. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 3, 619-628.

See also the explanation in the section on subliminal perception in Neisser, U., (1967). Cognitive Psychology. New York : Appleton-Century-Crofts.

Reder, Lynne M., and Jolene Scully Gordon, (1993). SUBLIMINAL PERCEPTION: NOTHING SPECIAL, COGNITIVELY SPEAKING. Presented at the 25th Carnegie Symposium on Cognition : Scientific Approaches to the Question of Consciousness Pittsburgh, May 1993.

Zaidel, Eran, Jeffrey M. Clarke, and Brandall Suyenobu, "Hemispheric Independence : A Paradigm Case for Cognitive Neuroscience," in Arnold Scheibel and Adam Wechsler, Neurobiology of Higher Cognitive Function, Guilford Press, 1990. (p. 330-332)

DeBenedittis & Carli, (1990), Psichoneurobiologia dell 'ipnosi. Seminari sul Delore, 3, 59-116.

Hellige,J.B., (1990) Hemispheric Asymmetry. Annual Review of Psychology, 41, 55-80.

Shepherd, Gordon M. (1988). Neurobiology, Oxford University Press. P. 634

Farrell, B.A. (1981). The Standing of Psychoanalysis. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fisher, S. & Greenberg, R.P. (1977). The Scientific Credibility of Freud's Theories and Therapy. New York : Basic Books.

Nisbett, R. & Wilson, T.D. (1977). Telling more than we can know. Verbal reports on mental processes. Psychological Review, 84, 231-254.

Spanos, N.P. & Chaves, John F. (1991). History and Historiography of Hypnosis. In S. Lynn & J. Rhue (Eds.), Theories of Hypnosis : Current models and perspectives (pp. 70-71). New York : Guilford Press.

Cheek, D. (1994). Hypnosis : The application of ideomotor techniques. Boston, MA : Allyn and Bacon.

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